How To Import and Export Databases in MySQL or MariaDB

Why Importing and Exporting Matters

Whether you're backing up your work, migrating data, or collaborating with other teams, being able to confidently export or import your MySQL or MariaDB database is a must-have skill. This guide walks you through both processes cleanly, clearly, and safely.

Exporting a MySQL or MariaDB Database

Exporting (or "dumping") a database creates a .sql file that contains all your database content, which you can later import elsewhere.

Basic Export Command

mysqldump -u [username] -p [database_name] > [backup_file.sql]

Example:

mysqldump -u root -p my_database > my_database_backup.sql

• -u: The database user.
• -p: Prompts for the password.
• > backup_file.sql: Output file where data will be saved.

💡 Tip: Add --single-transaction for large databases to ensure consistency during the dump.

Importing a MySQL or MariaDB Database

Importing is just the reverse taking a .sql file and loading it into a database.

Basic Import Command

mysql -u [username] -p [database_name] < [backup_file.sql]

Example:

mysql -u root -p my_database < my_database_backup.sql

Make sure the database you're importing already exists. If not, create it first:

mysql -u root -p -e "CREATE DATABASE my_database;"

Using phpMyAdmin (Optional GUI Method)

Prefer a web interface? If you're using phpMyAdmin, follow these steps:

Export via phpMyAdmin:

1. Log in to phpMyAdmin.
2. Select your database.
3. Click Export → Choose Quick & SQL → Click Go.

Import via phpMyAdmin:

1. Log in and select the database (or create one).
2. Click Import → Choose your .sql file → Click Go.

⚠️ File upload size limits may apply. Modify your php.ini if needed.

Security Tips for Database Transfer

• Use scp or rsync with SSH to transfer .sql files between servers.
• Avoid storing backups in publicly accessible directories.
• Consider compressing your .sql file for faster and safer transfers:

gzip my_database_backup.sql

To decompress:

gunzip my_database_backup.sql.gz

Conclusion

Managing MySQL or MariaDB databases doesn’t have to be complicated. Whether you’re creating backups or migrating to a new server, exporting and importing are essential processes. Use the CLI for full control or phpMyAdmin for a user-friendly interface either way, you’re in command.

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